Treatment and Prevention
The management of hypertension includes lifestyle changes and the use of
medications. Proper treatment of high blood pressure can add years to a
person's life. Controlling blood pressure with medications can decrease the
risk of stroke and heart disease. Medications used to lower blood pressure include
diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide),* beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol,
metoprolol), ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril, enalapril, lisinopril),
calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine), and angiotensin
II blockers (e.g., losartan, valsartan). People who have other risk factors,
especially those with diabetes or who have already suffered heart damage, may be
started on drugs even if their blood pressure is below "officially"
hypertensive levels.
In most cases, the goal of treatment is to bring down the systolic pressure
to less than 140 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure to less than 90 mm Hg.
A doctor will determine what is the most appropriate goal for you.
To prevent hypertension and heart disease, here are some healthy lifestyle
tips:
- Stop smoking.
- Lose weight.
- Cut down on your salt consumption.
- Eat more fruits, vegetables, grains, and fiber.
- Control alcohol intake (no more than two drinks per day).
- Get regular physical activity (30 to 45 minutes of activity several days
a week).
The U.S. National Institutes of Health Working Group on primary prevention
of hypertension, having reviewed over 300 studies of risk factors, were also
in favor of potassium supplementation, but were less convinced of the benefits
of calcium, magnesium, fiber, or stress management. It is important for people
to know their blood pressure in mm Hg and to work to keep it controlled.
The evidence suggests that even a small increase in pressure can cause a significant
change in life expectancy.
*All medications have both common (generic) and brand names. The brand name
is what a specific manufacturer calls the product (e.g., Tylenol®).
The common name is the medical name for the medication (e.g., acetaminophen).
A medication may have many brand names, but only one common name. This article
lists medications by their common names. For more information on brand names,
speak with your doctor or pharmacist.